" We need to translate the HTML content from English to German, preserving tags. Provide only the translated HTML. We must translate all visible text (including headings, paragraphs). Keep HTML tags unchanged. Let's translate. Original:

Plains Indian Sign Language

Linguists work hard to try to save many languages from extinction, and one that has come close to that point is Plains Indian Sign Language or PISL. This was once...

The Spread of PISL


PISL’s origins are unknown since no written records exist in the pre-contact days. Some experts claim that signing started in Mexico, where there were many different nations with different languages of their own. Signing was an easy way to facilitate trade and spread information. Signing could also be used when making war or peace. 

The earliest recorded instance of PISL’s use was in 1527 by Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca during his journey through what’s now Texas. A more detailed description was made by Francisco Coronado 14 years later. He said that the Comanche could be understood without the need for someone to interpret ...... We need to translate to German. Let's produce translation. First heading: "Plains Indian Sign Language" -> "Plains Indian Sign Language" maybe keep original? Should translate: "Plains Indian Sign Language" is a proper name; could keep as is, but translation maybe "Plains Indian Sign Language" (same). Could also translate to "Plains Indian Sign Language" (English). Usually proper nouns remain. We'll keep as is. Paragraph: "Linguists work hard to try to save many languages from extinction, and one that has come close to that point is Plains Indian Sign Language or PISL. This was once one of the most widespread languages in the Americas, and its history predates most European variations of sign language. Today, less than 100 people are believed to know it fluently. How did this happen? " Translate: "Linguisten arbeiten hart daran, viele Sprachen vor dem Aussterben zu bewahren, und eine, die diesem Punkt nahe gekommen ist, ist die Plains Indian Sign Language oder PISL. Sie war einst eine der am weitesten verbreiteten Sprachen in den Amerikas, und ihre Geschichte geht den meisten europäischen Varianten der Gebärdensprache voraus. Heute wird angenommen, dass weniger als 100 Menschen sie fließend beherrschen. Wie ist das passiert?" Now heading: "The Spread of PISL" -> "Die Verbreitung von PISL" Now paragraphs. First part includes
tags. Keep them. We need to translate each sentence. Paragraph content: "PISL’s origins are unknown since no written records exist in the pre-contact days. Some experts claim that signing started in Mexico, where there were many different nations with different languages of their own. Signing was an easy way to facilitate trade and spread information. Signing could also be used when making war or peace." Translate: "Die Ursprünge von PISL sind unbekannt, da in den vorkontaktzeitlichen Tagen keine schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen existieren. Einige Experten behaupten, dass das Gebärden in Mexiko begann, wo es viele verschiedene Nationen mit jeweils eigenen Sprachen gab. Gebärden waren ein einfacher Weg, Handel zu erleichtern und Informationen zu verbreiten. Gebärden konnten auch im Krieg oder beim Frieden eingesetzt werden." Next: "The earliest recorded instance of PISL’s use was in 1527 by Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca during his journey through what’s now Texas. A more detailed description was made by Francisco Coronado 14 years later. He said that the Comanche could be understood without the need for someone to interpret their words into Spanish. This shows that, even in the 16th Century, PISL was quite commonplace among the nations of what would become the Southwestern United States. By contrast, the first true European sign languages don’t appear until 1620." Translate: "Die früheste dokumentierte Verwendung von PISL stammt aus dem Jahr 1527, als der spanische Entdecker Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca während seiner Reise durch das heutige Texas darauf stieß. Vierzehn Jahre später gab Francisco Coronado eine detailliertere Beschreibung. Er sagte, dass die Comanche verstanden werden konnten, ohne dass jemand ihre Worte ins Spanische übersetzen musste. Das zeigt, dass PISL bereits im 16. Jahrhundert unter den Völkern, die später den Südwesten der Vereinigten Staaten bildeten, recht verbreitet war. Im Gegensatz dazu tauchen die ersten echten europäischen Gebärdensprachen erst 1620 auf." Next: "By 1620, with the spread of the horse from Mexico northwards, the Plains Sign Language had spread to over 30 different nations from the Rio Grande all the way to the modern Northwest Territories in Canada. Once it reached the Crow Nation in the modern Northwest United States, they spread it around and supplanted the Plateau Sign Language that was prevalent in what’s now Wyoming, Idaho and Montana." Translate: "Bis 1620 hatte sich die Plains Sign Language, dank der Verbreitung des Pferdes von Mexiko nach Norden, auf über 30 verschiedene Nationen vom Rio Grande bis zu den heutigen Nordwest-Territorien in Kanada ausgebreitet. Als sie die Crow Nation im heutigen Nordwesten der Vereinigten Staaten erreichte, verbreiteten sie sie weiter und verdrängten die Plateau Sign Language, die in den heutigen Bundesstaaten Wyoming, Idaho und Montana vorherrschte." Next: "It even spread eastward to the northern shores of Lake Michigan, but it didn’t spread much further east than that in the US. In Canada, however, it spread as far east as Labrador. In all, over 2/3 of all of North America’s indigenous peoples had a universal sign language that allowed then to communicate, and it was a language that had not yet been considered by Europeans." Translate: "Sie verbreitete sich sogar nach Osten zu den Nordküsten des Lake Michigan, aber in den USA ging sie nicht viel weiter nach Osten. In Kanada hingegen reichte ihre Verbreitung bis nach Labrador. Insgesamt hatten über zwei Drittel aller indigenen Völker Nordamerikas eine universelle Gebärdensprache, die ihnen die Kommunikation ermöglichte, und es war eine Sprache, die von den Europäern noch nicht berücksichtigt worden war." Now ensure HTML tags remain. We need to keep etc. The original has many sections with
tags inside. We need to preserve the structure: each paragraph is inside

with multiple sections. We need to replace the text inside each span accordingly. Let's reconstruct. Original snippet:


PISL’s origins are unknown since no written records exist in the pre-contact days. Some experts claim that signing started in Mexico, where there were many different nations with different languages of their own. Signing was an easy way to facilitate trade and spread information. Signing could also be used when making war or peace. 

The earliest recorded instance of PISL’s use was in 1527 by Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca ...

By 1620, with the spread of the horse from Mexico northwards, the Plains Sign Language had spread ...

It even spread eastward to the northern shores of Lake Michigan, but it didn’t spread much further east ...

We need to keep the same pattern:
etc. Thus we will produce:


Die Ursprünge von PISL sind unbekannt, da in den vorkontaktzeitlichen Tagen keine schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen existieren. Einige Experten behaupten, dass das Gebärden in Mexiko begann, wo es viele verschiedene Nationen mit jeweils eigenen Sprachen gab. Gebärden waren ein einfacher Weg, Handel zu erleichtern und Informationen zu verbreiten. Gebärden konnten auch im Krieg oder beim Frieden eingesetzt werden. 

Die früheste dokumentierte Verwendung von PISL stammt aus dem Jahr 1527, als der spanische Entdecker Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca während seiner Reise durch das heutige Texas darauf stieß. Vierzehn Jahre später gab Francisco Coronado eine detaill

The Decline of PISL

As time went by and White settlement expanded westward, the number of PISL users started to drop. As late as 1885, there were still roughly 110,000 people in the United States that could speak the language. However, the rise of native boarding schools and the severe damage they caused to native languages and cultures effectively decimated PISL. By the 1960s, the number was down to under 1,000 people. Today, it’s only used by a handful of deaf people on some reservations. 

There are, however, attempts to revive the language. Reservation schools and colleges in the West and the Great Plains now have PISL language courses, and these courses are growing in popularity and awareness. The process to revive this endangered treasure of America’s past will be slow, but the evidence shows that PISL can become a widely-used language among Native Americans once again.


Source: http://www.voanews.com/amp/3794333.html