" We need to translate the HTML content from English to Japanese, preserving all HTML tags. Return only the translated HTML. We must translate the text inside tags, but keep tags unchanged. Also preserve class attributes etc. We need to translate the content: headings, paragraphs, etc. Let's parse the HTML:

Plains Indian Sign Language

Linguists work hard to try to save many languages from extinction, and one that has come close to that point is Plains Indian Sign Language or PISL. This was once ... How did this happen? 

The Spread of PISL


PISL’s origins are unknown since no written records exist in the pre-contact days. Some experts claim that signing started in Mexico, where there were many different nations ...

The earliest recorded instance of PISL’s use was in 1527 by Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca ...

By 1620, with the spread ...

It even spread eastward ...

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We need to translate all English text to Japanese, preserving HTML tags and entities like ’ (apostrophe). Also keep
tags. We need to ensure we keep the same structure. Let's translate each piece. First heading: "Plains Indian Sign Language" -> "平原インディアン手話" or "プレーンズ・インディアン・サインランゲージ". Japanese translation: "平原インディアン手話". Let's use "平原インディアン手話". Second paragraph: "Linguists work hard to try to save many languages from extinction, and one that has come close to that point is Plains Indian Sign Language or PISL. This was once one of the most widespread languages in the Americas, and its history predates most European variations of sign language. Today, less than 100 people are believed to know it fluently. How did this happen?" Translate. Japanese: "言語学者は多くの言語を絶滅から救うべく懸命に取り組んでおり、その中で危機的状況に近づいたのが平原インディアン手話（PISL）です。この言語はかつてアメリカ大陸で最も広く使用されていた言語の一つであり、その歴史は欧州の手話の多くよりも古いです。現在では、流暢に話すことができる人は100人未満と考えられています。なぜこのようなことが起きたのでしょうか？" Make sure to keep the same punctuation and spaces. Use Japanese punctuation. Third heading: "The Spread of PISL" -> "PISLの広がり" or "PISLの拡散". Let's use "PISLの広がり". Now the long paragraph with many
tags. We need to preserve
etc. The content includes HTML entities: ’ which is ’ (right single quotation mark). We'll keep them as is, but we might need to translate them accordingly. For example "PISL’s origins" -> "PISLの起源". The entity is part of the text; we can replace with Japanese translation but keep the entity? Actually the entity is for apostrophe. In Japanese translation we may not need apostrophe. We can just write Japanese text without entity. But we must keep the same HTML tags. The entity appears inside the text; we can replace with appropriate Japanese characters. The entity is not needed; we can just write Japanese punctuation. However the instruction says "Keep all HTML tags intact." It doesn't say we must keep entities. We can replace them with Japanese characters. But to be safe, we can keep the entity if we want to preserve the same characters. However Japanese translation will not have apostrophe; we can just remove it. That's fine. Let's translate each segment. First segment after
: there is a line break then the text: "PISL’s origins are unknown since no written records exist in the pre-contact days. Some experts claim that signing started in Mexico, where there were many different nations with different languages of their own. Signing was an easy way to facilitate trade and spread information. Signing could also be used when making war or peace." Translate: "PISLの起源は、接触前の時代に書き記された記録が存在しないため不明です。専門家の中には、サインがメキシコで始まったと主張する人もいます。当時は多くの異なる民族がそれぞれ独自の言語を持っていました。サインは貿易を円滑にし、情報を広める簡便な手段でした。また、戦争や平和を結ぶ際にもサインは使用されました。" Now there are
tags after that segment. The HTML includes
then
(two line breaks). We'll keep them. Next segment: "The earliest recorded instance of PISL’s use was in 1527 by Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca during his journey ... A more detailed description was made by Francisco Coronado 14 years later. He said that the Comanche could be understood without the need for someone to interpret ... This shows that, even in the 16th Century, PISL was quite ... By contrast, the first true European sign languages don’t appear until 1620." Translate: "PISLが記録された最初の使用例は、1527年にスペインの探検家アルバル・ヌニェス・カベサ・デ・バカが現在のテキサスを旅した際に見られました。14年後、フランシスコ・コロナドがより詳細に記述しています。彼は、コマンチ族の言葉はスペイン語に通訳する必要なく理解できたと述べています。これは、16世紀でさえPISLが現在の米国南西部となる地域の諸民族の間でかなり一般的であったことを示しています。対照的に、最初の本格的なヨーロッパの手話は1620年まで現れませんでした。" Now

again. Next segment: "By 1620, with the spread of the horse from Mexico northwards, the Plains Sign Language had spread to over 30 different nations from the Rio Grande all the way to the modern Northwest Territories in Canada. Once it reached the Crow Nation in the modern Northwest United States, they spread it around and supplanted the Plateau Sign Language that was prevalent in what’s now Wyoming, Idaho and Montana." Translate: "1620年までに、メキシコから北へ馬が広まったことで、平原手話はリオ・グランデから現在のカナダ・ノースウェスト準州に至るまで、30以上の異なる民族に広がっていました。現代の米国北西部に位置するクロウ族に伝わると、彼らはそれを広め、現在のワイオミング、アイダホ、モンタナにあった高原手話に取って代わりました。" Now

Next segment: "It even spread eastward to the northern shores of Lake Michigan, but it didn’t spread much further east than that in the US. In Canada, however, it spread as far east as Labrador. In all, over 2/3 of all of North America’s indigenous peoples had a universal sign language that allowed then to communicate, and it was a language that had not yet been considered by Europeans." Translate: "それはミシガン湖の北岸まで東方へも広がりましたが、米国ではそれ以上東へはほとんど広がりませんでした。一方、カナダではラブラドールまで東へと広がりました。結果として、北米の先住民の3分の2以上が、当時のコミュニケーションを可能にする共通の手話を持っており、これはヨーロッパ人にまだ認識されていない言語でした。" Now we need to embed these translations within the same HTML structure. We must keep the same number of elements and <

The Decline of PISL

As time went by and White settlement expanded westward, the number of PISL users started to drop. As late as 1885, there were still roughly 110,000 people in the United States that could speak the language. However, the rise of native boarding schools and the severe damage they caused to native languages and cultures effectively decimated PISL. By the 1960s, the number was down to under 1,000 people. Today, it’s only used by a handful of deaf people on some reservations. 

There are, however, attempts to revive the language. Reservation schools and colleges in the West and the Great Plains now have PISL language courses, and these courses are growing in popularity and awareness. The process to revive this endangered treasure of America’s past will be slow, but the evidence shows that PISL can become a widely-used language among Native Americans once again.

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Source: http://www.voanews.com/amp/3794333.html